China is an ancient porcelain culture with a glorious history of porcelain development and has created countless glitzy ceramic craft gems. When we are frightened by the profoundness of Chinese ceramic culture, it is also necessary to understand the types of porcelain in order to gain a deeper understanding of the essence of Chinese ceramic culture.
The division of porcelain types must be based on the basis, and different basis will be divided. For example, they are divided into uses, and they are divided into shapes. Usually we use the glaze color as the standard for dividing porcelain. This is because the glazed layer of porcelain can not only make the surface of the porcelain smooth, but also practical and ornamental. Moreover, throughout the history of Chinese ceramics, the change of the glaze color is the main thread through it. Porcelain kiln products from different historical periods have produced porcelain products that almost all have their own representative glaze varieties. Therefore, in the porcelain family, we often take color porcelain. Specific can be divided into:
1. Celadon
The glaze iron content is between 1% and 3%. The glaze color is mainly yellowish green or blue-green, and it begins to burn in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The main varieties are secret color, powder blue, plum green. Yue Kiln, Song Gong Kiln, Yong Kiln and Longquan Kiln are all famous for firing celadon.
2. White porcelain
White porcelain was developed on the basis of celadon. If the content of iron in the glaze is less than 0.63%, the white glaze will burn out. The lower the iron content, the more white the glaze. The main varieties are egg white glaze, sweet white glaze, ivory white glaze and so on. The well-known white porcelain kiln mouths include Xing Kiln, Ding Kiln and Dehua Kiln.
3. Black porcelain
The content of iron in the glaze is about 8%. The main varieties are rabbit glaze, oil drop, enamel glaze and so on. Among them, the black glaze burned in Fujian Kiln is the most famous, and the black glaze porcelain of Jizhou Kiln in Jiangxi is also very precious.
4. Blue and white porcelain
Qingbai porcelain, also known as shadow celadon, has an iron content of between 0.6% and 1%, so its glaze color is between white and blue, green is white, and white is blue. Jingdezhen kiln in Jiangxi Province is the main producing area of Qingbai Porcelain. In addition, it is also burnt in Anhui, Zhejiang and other places, but its quality is not as good as that of Jingdezhen.
5. Painted porcelain
Painted porcelain from the process can be divided into glaze color, underglaze color, underglaze glaze combined with color three categories.
The color on the glaze refers to painting on a well-burned utensil and baking it at a low temperature. The color is attached to the glaze. Its varieties include Song Jiacai, Jincai, multicolored, pastel, prime three-color, enamel, shallow enamel and so on.
Underglaze color refers to the painting on the green body, glazing into the kiln at high temperature and firing, the color pattern under the glaze, never fall off. Its varieties are celadon green-brown color, black white flowers, blue and white, glaze red, underglaze color, underglaze and other colorful.
Dou Cai and Dou Cai are a kind of colored porcelain craft that combines the underglaze blue flower and the color on the glaze, and is put into the kiln twice. There are two kinds of color-filling and spell-matching methods.
6. Color glaze
The color glaze here mainly indicates the varieties that were burnt in Jingdezhen during the Qing period. According to different firing temperatures, color glaze can be roughly divided into high-temperature glaze, medium-temperature glaze, and low-temperature glaze. High-temperature color glaze mainly includes red glaze, Langyao red glaze, kidney bean red glaze, indigo blue glaze, and green glaze. The medium-temperature glaze mainly includes peacock green glaze, felt green glaze, and red glaze. Low-temperature glazes include red glaze, coral red glaze, melon skin green glaze, yellow glaze and so on.
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